我國保險公司一直以來將海運貨物保險的險別分為基本險和附加險兩類，基本險包括平安險、水漬險和一切險三種，附加險分為一般附加險和特殊附加險兩種。

This insurance is classified into the following three Conditions—Free FromParticular Average(F.P.A.),With Average(F.P.A.)and All Risks.Where thegoods insured hereunder sustain loss or damage,the Company shall undertake toindemnify therefor according to the Insured Condition specified in the Policy and theProvisions of these Clauses.

1.平安險(Free from Particular Average,簡稱F.P.A)

1.Free From Particular Average(F.P.A.)

This insurance covers:

(1)Total or Constructive Total Loss of the whole consignment hereby insuredcaused in the course of transit by natural calamities~-heavy weather,lightning,tsunami,earthquake and flood.In case a constructive total loss is claimed for,the Insured shall abandon to the Company the damaged goods and all his rights and titlepertaining thereto.The goods on each lighter to or from the scagoing vessel shall bedeemed a separate risk."Constructive Total Loss"refers to the loss where an actualtotal loss appears to be unavoidable or the cost to be incurred in recovering orreconditioning the goods togcther with the forwarding cost to the destination named inthe Policy would exceed their value on arrival.

(2)Total or Partial Loss caused by accidents the carrying conveyance being grounded.stranded,sunk or in collision with floating ice or other objects as fire or explosion.

(3)Partial loss of the insured goods attributable to heavy weather,lightning and/or tsunami,where the conveyance has been grounded,stranded.sunk or burnt,irrespective of whether the event or events took place before or after such accidents.

(4)Partial or total loss consequent on falling of entire package or packages into seaduring loading transshipment or discharge.

(5)Reasonable cost incurred by the Insured in salvaging the goods or averting orminimizing a loss recoverable under the Policy provided that such cost shall not exceedthe sum Insured of the consignment so saved.

(6)Losses attributable to discharge of the insured goods at a port of distressfollowing a sea peril as well as special charges arising from loading.warehousing andforwarding of the goods at an intermediate port of call or refuge.

(7)Sacrifice in and Contribution to General Average and Salvage Charges.

(8)Such proportion of losses sustained by the shipowners as is to be reimbursed bythe Cargo Owner under the Contract of Affreightment"Both to Blame Collision"clause.

平安險的含義是“單獨海損不?！?實際上，并不是所有的部分損失都不保。

平安險主要負責賠償的范圍包括：

(1)被保險貨物在運輸過程中由于惡劣氣候、雷電、海嘯、地震和洪水等自然災害造成的整批貨物實際全損或推定全損。當被保險人要求賠償推定全損時，須將受損貨物及其權利委付給保險公司。被保險貨物用駁船運往或運離海輪的，每駁船所裝的貨物可視作一個整批。所謂在運輸途中，是指被保險貨物在海上運輸的整個過程，包括貨物在裝卸過程及在各種儲存處所的存放期間。所謂全部損失，這里僅僅是指被保險貨物的實際全損。所謂推定全損，是指實際全損不可避免，或者恢復、修復受損貨物以及運送貨物到原目的地的費用超過該目的地的貨物價值。

(2)由于運輸工具遭受擱淺、觸礁、沉沒、互撞、與流水或其他物體碰撞以及失火，爆炸等意外事故造成的貨物全部或部分損失。所謂互碰，是指船舶之間相互碰撞。物體是指除水以外的包括流冰在內的任何物體。所謂爆炸，是指無論發生于運輸工具還是貨物的內部或外部，只要是因爆炸事故的發生而使運輸工具或貨艙內的貨物遭受損失的情形。

(3)在運輸工具已經發生擱淺、觸礁、沉沒、焚毀等意外事故的情況下，貨物在此前后又在海上遭受惡劣氣候、雷電、海嘯等自然災害所造成的部分損失。

(4)在裝卸或轉運時山于一件或數件整件貨物落海造成的全部或部分損失。

(5)被保險人對遭受承保責任內風險的貨物采取搶救，防止或減少貨損的措施而支付合理費用，但以不超過該批被救貨物的保險金額為限。

(6)運輸工具遭遇海難后，在避難港由于卸貨所引起的損失以及在中途港，避難港由于卸貨，存倉以及運送貨物所產生的特別費用。這些費用被稱為轉運費用，是為了修理船舶而產生的，不包括防止或減少貨損而支付的費用。

(7)共同海損的犧牲，分攤和救助費用。在共同海損分攤之前，如果保險人已經賠償了被保險貨物的共同海損犧牲，即為共同安全而拋棄的貨物，對此共同海損犧牲要求分攤的權利應由保險人享有。救助費用如果不能作為共同海損費用，若因貨物獲救后在抵達目的地前滅失，保險人仍應負賠償應由被保險人承擔的救助費用。

(8)運輸合同訂有“船舶互有過失碰撞責任條款”(Both to Blame Collision Clause),根據該條款規定應由貨方償還船方的損失。船舶互有過失碰撞責任條款的基本含義是在船舶發生互撞后，貨方如果向他船取得全部賠償，應按本船的過失比例將取得的賠償金退還給本船承運人。根據海上貨物運輸保險合同，保險人對貨方的這部分損失承擔賠償責任。

2.水漬險(With Average or With Particular Average,W.A or W.P.A)With Average(W.A.)

Aside from the risks covered under F.P.A.condition as above,this insurance alsocovers partial losses of the insured goods caused by heavy weather,lightning,tsunami,earthquake and/or flood.

水漬險也是我國保險業的習慣稱呼。水漬險的保險責任是平安險中的全部責任和貨物因自然災害所造成的部分損失。因此，水漬險的承保責任范圍除包括上述平安險的各項責任外，保險人還負責被保險貨物由于惡劣氣候、雷電、海嘯、地震、洪水等自然災害所造成的部分損失。

3.一切險(A11 Risks)

Aside from the risks covered under the F.P.A.and W.A.conditions as above;this insurance also covers all:risks of loss of or damage to the insured goods whetherpartial or total,arising from external causes in the course of transit.

相對于平安險和水漬險，一切險是我國海上貨物運輸保險中保險人承保責任范圍最為廣泛的基本險。一切險承保責任范圍除包括水漬險的各項承保責任外，保險人還負責被保險貨物在運輸途中由于一般外來原因所致的全部或部分損失。所謂外來原因是指相對于貨物而言的、客觀存在的風險。隨著國際貿易和海上航運業的發展，可能造成貨損的外來原因在日益增多，如偷竊、提貨不著、淡水雨淋、短少、短量、碰損、鉤損、破碎、串味、滲漏、生銹、受潮受熱、發霉等等。為適應投保人對外來原因致損貨物的風險而尋求保險保障的要求，保險人設立了一系列附加險。所以，一切險實際上是水漬險和普通附加險的合并。當然，一切險并不是意味著保險人承保所有的風險，只是承保的風險范圍相對廣泛的一種基本險，投保一切險后，一般附加險就沒有必要再投保。