1.承保風險

承保風險部分包括三個條款，分別是第1條風險條款，第2條共同海損條款和第3條“雙方有責碰撞”條款。

1)風險條款

Risks clause

This insurance covers all risks of loss of or damage to the subject-matter insuredexcept as provided in Clauses 4,5,6 and 7 below.

協會A條款采取承保一切風險，但除外責任不保的形式。索賠的被保險人只要證明損失是在保險期間內發生的某種意外事故造成即可，而拒賠的保險人則需舉證損失是由某種除外責任造成。有許多常見的風險都是協會A條款予以承保，而協會B、C條款都不負責，例如偷竊、鑿船、海盜和他人不法占有貨物等。

2)共同海損條款

General Average Clause

This insurance covers general average and salvage charges,adjusted or determinedaccording to the contract of affreightment and or the governing law and practice,incurred to avoid or in connection with the avoidance of loss from any cause except thoseexcluded in Clauses 4,5,6 and 7 or elsewhere in this insurance.

共同海損條款(General Average Clause)確定了共同海損理算和救助費用的確定應適用的法律。對于貨方無法控制運輸合同條款時(例如班輪運輸),保險人接受按運輸合同條款中對共同海損或救助費用的理算規則，不局限于《約克·安特衛普規則》。如果運輸合同未對理算等做出規定，則按船貨分離地的法律作為準據法；救助費用的確定則按救助行為結束地的法律。保險人應賠償的不只是保險貨物本身的共同海損犧牲，還包括保險標的應承擔的共同海損分攤或救助費用分攤。

共同海損條款的規定擴大了貨物保險人應承擔的共同海損及救助費用風險的范圍。按照《1906年海上保險法》規定，承運人僅對為避免“承保風險”或與此有關所引起的救助費用或共同海損負責賠償。

3)“雙方有責碰撞”條款

“Both to Blame Collision”Clause

This insurance is extended to indemnify the Assured against such proportion ofliability under the contract of affreightment “Both to Blame Collision”Clause as is inrespect of a loss recoverable hereunder.In the event of any claim by shipowners underthe said Clause the Assured agree to notify the Underwriters who shall have the right,at their own cost and expense,to defend the Assured against such claim.

“雙方有責碰撞”條款(“Both to Blame Collision”Clause)規定保險擴展賠償被保險人根據運輸合同中的“雙方互有過失碰撞責任條款”的比例責任損失部分。在船東根據此條款提出的索賠的情況下，被保險人同意通知保險人，保險人有權白負費用為被保險人對此種索賠提出答辯。

2.除外責任

除外責任部分分為四個條款，即第4條普通除外條款、第5條不適航和不適貨除外條款、第6條戰爭除外條款和第7條罷工除外條款。所有的除外責任，不僅適用于保險標的的“損失”(Loss)或“損”(Damage),而且適用于“費用”(Expense)。因此除外責任的規定，不僅影響到風險條款，而且影響到共同海損條款，轉運費用條款和被保險人義務條款。

1)普通除外條款

General Exclusions ClauseIn no case shall this insurance cover

(1)loss damage or expense attributable to willful misconduct of the Assured

(2)ordinary leakage,ordinary loss in weight or volume,or ordinary wear and tearof the subject-matter insured

(3)loss damage or expense caused by insufficiency or unsuitability of packing orpreparation of the subject-matter insured(for the purpose of this Clause 4.3“packing”shall be deemed to include stowage in a container or liftvan but only when such stowageis carried out prior to attachment of this insurance or by the Assured or their servants)

(4)loss damage or expense caused by inherent vice or nature of the subject-matterinsured

(5)loss damage or expense proximately caused by delay,even though the delay becaused by a risk insured against(except expenses payable under Clause 2 above)

(6)loss damage or expense arising from insolvency or financial default of the ownersmanagers charterers or operators of the vessel

(7)loss damage or expense arising from the use of any weapon of war employingatomic or nuclear fission and or fusion or other like reaction or radioactive forceor matter

普通除外條款(General Exclusion Clause)規定了七種除外責任，即

(1)可歸咎于被保險人的蓄意惡行的損失，損害或費用。

(2)保險標的的通常滲漏、通常重量或體積損失，或通常磨損。

(3)保險標的的包裝或準備不足或不當引起的損失、損害或費用。

(4)保險標的的固有缺陷或性質引起的損失、損害或費用。

(5)遲延直接造成的損失、損害或費用，即使該延遲是由承保風險引起的。

國際物流風險與保險

(6)船舶所有人、經理人、承租人或經營人的破產或經濟困境產生的損失、損害或費用。

(7)因使用原子或核裂變和/或聚變或其他類似反應或放射性力量或物質所制造的戰爭武器產生的損失、損害或費用。

在上述條款中，后兩條是新增的，原有的一切險中是沒有的。本條款排除核戰爭武器風險，協會貨物戰爭險條款排除核戰爭武器的“敵對性”使用風險，但核戰爭武器的非敵對性使用風險也不是協會貨物戰爭險條款承保的風險，即根本不在保險人的承保責任范圍之內。而民用核電站意外泄漏造成的貨物輻射損失，在協會A條款中，保險人仍有賠償責任。

另一條新增的除外條款更加重要，表明保險人不負責非海損造成的承運人中途放棄履行航次而產生的續運貨物的費用。

2)不適航和不適貨除外責任條款

Unseaworthiness and Unfitness Exclusion Clause

In no case shall this insurance cover loss damage or expense arising from unseaworthinessof vessel or craft,unfitness of vessel craft conveyance container or liftvan for the safecarriage of the subjcct-matter insured.where the Assured or their servants are privy tosuch unseaworthiness or unfitness,at the time the subject-matter insured is loadedtherein.The Underwriters waive any breach of the implied warranties of seaworthinessof the ship and fitness of the ship to carry the subject-matter insured to destination,unless the Assured or their servants are privy to such unseaworthiness or unfitness.

不適航和不適貨除外責任條款(Unseaworthiness and Unfitness Exclusion Clause)規定不承保運輸工具的不適航或運輸設備的不適貨引起的損害。本條主要是針對現代運輸中的貨主自己裝箱，或用自己的拖車托運集裝箱貨物等情況，規定如果在貨方可以控制的范圍內，集裝箱或拖車不適合于現代安全運輸或積載不良，保險人不負責由此產生的損害，除被保險人或其雇員對此種不適航或不適貨有私謀的情況外。

3)戰爭除外條款

War Exclusion Clause

(1)In no case shall this insurance cover loss damage or expense caused by civil warrevolution rebellion insurrection,or civil strifearising therefrom,or any hostile act byor against a belligerent power.

(2)capture seizure arrest restraint or detainment(piracy excepted ),and theconsequences thereof or any attempt thereat

(3)derelict mines torpedoes bombs or other derelict weapons of war.

戰爭除外險(War Exclusion Clause)不承保由：

(1)戰爭、內戰、革命、造反、叛亂或由此引起的內亂，或任何交戰方之間的敵對行為。

(2)捕獲、扣押、扣留、拘禁或羈押(海盜除外)和由此引起的后果或進行此種行為的企圖。

(3)被遺棄的水雷、魚雷、炸彈或其他被遺棄的戰爭武器造成的損失、損害或費用。

新的戰爭條款代替了舊的“捕獲扣押不保條款”(F.C.&S.Clause)。本條除外的風險由協會戰爭險予以承保。

但是，海盜(Piracy)風險只有協會A條款作為水險(marine risk)承保，而協會B、C條款和戰爭險都不承保。

4)罷工除外條款

Strikes Exclusion Clause

In no case shall this insurance cover loss damage or expense

(1)causcd by strikers,locked-out workmen,or persons taking part in labourdisturbances,riots or civil commotions.

(2)resulting from strikes,lock-outs,labour disturhances,riots or civil commotions

(3)caused by any terrorist or any person acting from a political motive.

罷工除外條款(Strike Exclusion Clause)不承保由罷工工人、被迫停工工人或參加工潮、暴動或民變的人員；罷工、停工、工潮、暴動或民變；恐怖分子或出于政治動機而行為的人造成的損失、損害和費用。

在保險責任期間方面，協會貨物罷工險條款和協會貨物保險條款是一致的；但在承保風險方面，本條的除外風險并沒有完全被協會貨物罷工險條款所承保，主要是協會貨物罷工險條款不承保由于航程受阻或喪失所造成的續運貨物的費用。

3.保險期間

保險期間部分由第8條運送條款、第9條運輸合同終止條款以及第10條航程改變條款三個條款組成，闡述了最為復雜的保險期間問題。

1)運送條款

Transit Clause

This insurance attaches from the time the goods leave the warehouse or place ofstorage at the place named herein for the commencement of the transit,continues duringthe ordinary course of transit and terminates either

on delivery to the Consignees'or other final warehouse or place of storage at thedestination named herein

on delivery to any other warehouse or place of storage,whether prior to or at thedestination named herein,which the Assured elect to use either

for storage other than in the ordinary course of transit orfor allocation or distribution

or

on the expiry of 60 days after completion of discharge overside of the goods herebyinsured from the oversea vessel at the final port of discharge,

whichever shall first occur.

If,after discharge overside from the oversea vesscl at the final port of discharge,but prior to termination of this insurance,the goods are to be forwarded to a destinationother than that to which they are insured hereunder,this insurance,whilst remainingsubject to termination as provided for above,shall not extend beyond thecommencement of transit to such other destination.

This insurance shall remain in force(subject to termination as provided for aboveand to the provisions of Clause 9 below)during delay beyond the control of theAssured,any deviation,forced discharge,reshipment or transshipment and during anyvariation of the adventure arising from the exercise of a liberty granted to shipowners orcharterers under the contract of affreightment.

運送條款(Transit Clause)共三款，第1條是普遍適用的規定，第2條和第3條分別規定了兩類特殊情況下的保險效力問題。

第1款規定了保險責任的開始(attach)、持續(continue)和終止(terminate)。

貨物離開起運地開始運送，保險責任即已開始。但是在起運地裝上運輸工具的過程中發生的損害，以及離開制造廠商倉庫到包裝處進行運輸包裝的過程，都不構成保險責任的開始。但貨物進集裝箱貨運站裝箱的過程卻是在保險責任期間內的。

保險責任在“通常運送過程中”(Ordinary Course of Transit)連續。通常運送過程是指以習慣方式運輸、沿通常運輸路線合理快速的將貨物運抵目的地。如中途發生非通常運輸事件，保險責任即告終止，除非按本條其他規定繼續有效或得以續保。保險責任的終止，以下列先發生者為準：

(1)在保險單載明的目的地貨物交付收貨人的或其他最后倉庫或儲存處所。

(2)貨物運到被保險人用作非通常運輸過程中的儲存或用作分配、分派的倉庫或儲存處所。

(3)貨物在最后卸貨港全部卸離后60天。

第2款規定，貨物在最后卸貨港卸下后被轉運到其他目的地，從開始轉運起，本保險終止，同時也受60天截止期的限制。

第3款對航程延誤、繞航、被迫卸貨、轉船或轉運，以及承運人根據運輸合同所做的航海變更，如果不是為被保險人所控制的，保險合同繼續有效，被保險人無須通知保險人，也無須另加保險費。

2)運輸合同終止條款

Termination of contract of carriage Clause

If owing to circumstances beyond the control of the Assured either the contract ofcarriage is terminated at a port or place other than the destination named therein or thetransit is otherwise terminated before delivery of the goods as provided for in Clause 8above,then this insurance shall also terminate unless prompt notice is given to theUnderwriters and continuation of cover is requested when the insurance shall remain inforce,subject to an additional premium if required by the Underwriter,either until thegoods are sold and delivered at such port or place,or,unless otherwise speciallyagreed,until the expiry of 60 days after arrival of the goods hereby insured at such portor place,whichever shall first occur,or if the goods are forwarded within the said periodof 60 days(or any agreed extension thereof )to the destination named herein or to anyother destination,until terminated in accordance with the provisions of Clause 8 above.

運輸合同終止條款(Termination of Contract of Carriage Clause)主要針對被保險人無法控制的運輸合同在中途終止，終止的原因可能是航程受阻或船東放棄航程，無論是否合法。在此情況下，被保險人須辦理續保，否則保險合同從運輸合同終止時起終止。在續保后，貨物須在60天內轉運，從船舶抵達時起算；如果在上述60天內貨物在航程終止地變賣并付給了賣方，保險合同即告終止。

3)航程改變條款

Change of Voyage Clause

Where,after attachment of this insurance,the destination is changed by theAssured,held covered at a premium and on conditions to be arranged subject to promptnotice being given to the Underwriters.

航程改變條款(Change of Voyage Clause)只適用保險責任開始后，被保險人改變航程的情況。此種情況下，按照《1906年海上保險法》的規定，保險責任即告終止。而按照協會貨物保險條款，被保險人迅速通知保險人，保險合同得以續保，但續保的保險費以及其他保險條件有待重新確定。

與1963年協會貨物保險條款相比，本條允許保險人對續保提出其他方面的要求。此外，本條允許的變更只是在保險責任開始后被保險人的改變目的地而已。對保險標的、船名或航次等表述錯誤時，只有在預約保險合同(open cover)中才予以承保。

4.索賠事項

索賠事項部分分別由第11條保險利益條款、第12條轉運費用條款、第13條推定全損條款和第14條增值條款四個條款組成。

1)保險利益條款

Insurable Interest Clause

In order to recover under this insurance the Assured must have an insurableinterest in the subject-matter insured at the time of the loss.

Subject to 11.1 above,the Assured shall be entitled to recover for insured lossoccurring during the period covered by this insurance,notwithstanding that the lossoccurred before the contract of insurance was concluded,unless the Assured were awareof the loss and the Underwriters were not.

保險利益條款(Insurable Interest Clause)規定重申了保險利益原則，并保留了“無論損失與否條款”的精神和內容。本條款規定使保險單具有溯及既往的法律效力，只要損失發生在保險期間，當時被保險人有保險利益，保險人就不能以投保時損失已發生或存在共同過失(Common Mistake)來拒賠，除非投保時被保險人知道損失的發生而保險人不知道。

2)續運費用條款

Forwarding Charges Clause

Where,as a result of the operation of a risk covered by this insurance,the insuredtransit is terminated at a port or place other than that to which the subject-matter iscovered under this insurance,the Underwriters will reimburse the Assured for anyextra charges properly and reasonably incurred in unloading storing and forwarding thesubject-matter to the destination to which it is insured hereunder.

This Clause 12 which does not apply to general average or salvage charges,shall besubject to the exclusions contained in Clause 4,5,6 and 7 above and shall not includecharges arising from the fault negligence insolvency or financial default of the Assuredor their servants.

續運費用條款(Forwarding Charges Clause)認同普通法中的一個重要原則，即海上貨物運輸保險的保險人所承保的不僅僅是貨物的有形財產的完好，還包括運輸該貨物的航程。同時在承運人放棄運輸的情況下，如有可能，被保險人有義務為自己的利益將貨物轉運至目的地，而保險人的責任是此后賠償被保險人的此種特別費用。本條還強調了運輸中斷的原因須為承保風險而不能是由除外責任引起的，否則保險人不予賠償。

本條與運輸合同終止條款的區別在于，第9條的運輸終止不一定由承保風險引起的，而且也不針對費用。它針對保險的終止，除非貨方續保，也沒有涉及續運費用問題。即使運輸終止是由承保風險造成的，仍受運輸終止條款的限制。

3)推定全損條款

Constructive Total Loss Clause

No claim for Constructive Total Loss shall be recoverable hereunder unless thesubject matter insured is reasonably abandoned either on account of its actual total lossappearing to be unavoidable or bccause the cost of recovering,reconditioning andforwarding the subject-matter to the destination to which it is insured would cxceed itsvalue on arrival.

推定全損條款(Constructive Total Loss Clause)規定在認定實際全損看來已不可避免或恢復、重整和續運保險標的至目的地的費用會超過抵達時價值時，保險人承擔保險責任。和《1906海上保險法》相比，少了被保險人因承保風險喪失了對貨物的占有而且不可能重新獲得或重新獲得的費用會超過重新獲得時的價值所構成的推定全損。但協會貨物保險條款適用英國法律，發生此種風險，仍予以承保。

“委付”(Abandonment)是指被保險人自愿讓與保險人保險標的及其物權和債權。委付保險標的不是推定全損的約定或法定構成要件，而是被保險人在推定全損成立時，選擇向保險人索賠推定全損的先決條件。

保險單中約定的保險價值不能用來決定是否構成推定全損，其作用僅限于確定損失賠償額。

4)增值條款

Increased Value Clause

If any Increased Value insurance is effected by the Assured on the cargo insuredherein the agreed value of the cargo shall be deemed to be increased to the total amountinsured under this insurance and all Increased Value insurances covering the loss andliability under this insurance shall be in such proportion as the sum insured herein bearsto such total amount insured.

In the event of claim the Assured shall provide the Underwriters with evidence ofthe amounts insured under all other insurances.

where this insurance is on Increased Value the following clause shall apply:

The agreed value of the cargo shall be deemed to be equal to the total amountinsured under the primary insurance and all Increased Value insurances covering the lossand affected on the cargo by the Assured,and liability under this insurance shall be insuch proportion as the sum insured herein bears to such total amount insured.

In the event of claim the Assured shall provide the Underwriters with evidence ofthe amounts insured under all other insurances.

增值條款(Increased Value Clause)是一個新增的條款，改變了《1906年海上保險法》的有關規定，使得“原始保險”(Primary or Original Insurance)與“增值保險”(IncreasedValue Insurance)在支付保險索賠和享受向第三方追償方面完全平等，以保險金額作為分配的基礎。本條款具有將原始保險和各份增值保險合并成一個保險價值的法律效力，使各保險人共同承保保險貨物的“全部價值”(full value),并與每一保險合同的保險金額發生關系，達到“比例賠付、比例受償”的效果。

5.保險受益

Not to Inure Clause

This insurance shall not insure to the benefit of the carrier or other bailee.

保險受益部分的條款只有第15條不適用條款(Not to Inure Clause)。此條款避免了承運人或其他保管人的受益，也稱不得受益條款。這是一個在海上貨物保險中使用了很久的標準條款，其目的是防止承運人或其他的貨物保管人通過貨物運輸合同或其他協議中寫入一個享有保險權益的條款來擺脫對貨物損害或遲延交付的責任，保護貨物保險人對承運人或其他貨物保管人的代位求償權不受損害，保留保險人在代位求償權受到損害時向被保險人反索賠的權利。

6.盡量減少損失

減小損失部分有第16條被保險人義務條款和第17條棄權條款兩個條款。

1)被保險人義務條款

Duty of Assured Clause

It is the duty of the Assured and their servants and agents in respect of lossrecoverable hereunder

to take such measures as may be reasonable for the purpose of averting orminimising such loss,and

to ensure that all rights against carriers,bailees or other third parties are properlypreserved and exercised

and the Underwriters will,in addition to any loss recoverable hereunder,reimburse theAssured for any charges properly and reasonably incurred in pursuance of these duties.

被保險人義務條款(Duty of Assured Clause)明確被保險人的兩項義務：采用合理措施避免或減少承保損失的義務和保護保險人的代位求償權的義務。

本條款強調舉證責任在被保險人一方，被保險人須像未投保的貨方一樣為自己的利益行動。對于貨方采取的措施，強調必須“合理”(reasonable),而不強求“有效”(successful)。由于損失發生到保險索賠支付之間有很長的時間，保護保險人的代位求償權就十分必要了。同時規定，保險人應相應補償被保險人因履行上述義務而發生的費用，而且明確了保險人的此項責任是在保險人的其他保險賠償責任之外的。

2)棄權條款

Waiver Clause

Measures taken by the Assured or the Underwriters with the object of saving,protecting or recovering the subject matter insured shall not be considered as a waiver oracceptance of abandonment or otherwise prejudice the rights of either party.

棄權條款(Waiver Clause)規定使被保險人和保險人可以展開施救行動，保護雙方的法律地位，使任何一方的利益不因采取施救貨物的措施而受到損害。

7.避免遲延

避免延遲部分的內容只有第18條合理速遣條款。

Reasonable Despatch Clause

It is a condition of this insurance that the Assured shall act with reasonabledespatch in all circumstances within their control.

合理速遣(Reasonable Despatch Clause)條款要求被保險人在其力所能及的范圍內，采取合理快速的行動，避免運送延遲。對于為了被保險人利益而發生延遲的情況下，不能根據協會延誤保險條款“續?！?held cover)。

8.法律和慣例

English Law and Practice ClauseThis insurance is subject to English law and practice.

法律和慣例部分的條款是第19條英國法律與慣例(English law and PracticeClause),它表明本保險受英國法律和慣例的調整。由于不再適用《1906年海上保險法》所附的S.G.保險單，為了確定眾多判例、法規依然有效，因此設立本條款，強調英國法律和慣例的適用性。

9.注意事項

NOTE:It is necessary for the Assured when they become aware of an eventwhich is “held covered”under this insurance to give prompt notice to the Underwritersand the right to such cover is dependent upon compliance with this obligation.

在保險條款之后還有一個注意事項(Note),強調了續保的條件是被保險人知情后立刻迅速通知保險人。迅速通知保險人是續保的默示條款，是為了防止被保險人投機，觀望不保，直到實際發生損失時才要求續保而逃避支付保險費。